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 Duration 21 hours

Course Outline

Introduction

This module offers a foundational overview of when to apply 'machine learning', key considerations, and its broader implications, including advantages and disadvantages. It covers data types (structured/unstructured/static/streamed), data validity and volume, the distinction between data-driven and user-driven analytics, and a comparison between statistical and machine learning models. It also addresses the challenges of unsupervised learning, the bias-variance trade-off, iterative evaluation, cross-validation strategies, and the differences between supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.

MAJOR TOPICS

1. Explaining Naive Bayes

  • Fundamentals of Bayesian methods
  • Probability concepts
  • Joint probability
  • Conditional probability based on Bayes' theorem
  • The Naive Bayes algorithm
  • Naive Bayes classification
  • The Laplace estimator
  • Incorporating numeric features into Naive Bayes

2. Explaining Decision Trees

  • The divide and conquer approach
  • The C5.0 decision tree algorithm
  • Identifying optimal splits
  • Pruning decision trees

3. Explaining Neural Networks

  • The transition from biological to artificial neurons
  • Activation functions
  • Network architecture
  • Determining the number of layers
  • Direction of information flow
  • Defining the number of nodes per layer
  • Training neural networks via backpropagation
  • Deep Learning

4. Explaining Support Vector Machines

  • Classification using hyperplanes
  • Identifying maximum margin
  • Scenarios with linearly separable data
  • Scenarios with non-linearly separable data
  • Utilizing kernels in non-linear spaces

5. Explaining Clustering

  • Clustering as a machine learning objective
  • The k-means clustering algorithm
  • Assigning and updating clusters based on distance
  • Selecting the optimal number of clusters

6. Assessing Classification Performance

  • Interpreting classification prediction data
  • Analyzing confusion matrices in detail
  • Evaluating performance using confusion matrices
  • Performance metrics beyond accuracy
  • The kappa statistic
  • Sensitivity and specificity
  • Precision and recall
  • The F-measure
  • Visualizing performance trade-offs
  • ROC curves
  • Predicting future performance
  • The holdout method
  • Cross-validation
  • Bootstrap sampling

7. Optimizing Standard Models for Enhanced Performance

  • Automated parameter tuning using caret
  • Constructing simple tuned models
  • Customizing the tuning workflow
  • Enhancing model outcomes via meta-learning
  • Concepts of ensembles
  • Bagging
  • Boosting
  • Random forests
  • Training random forests
  • Assessing random forest performance

MINOR TOPICS

8. Classification via Nearest Neighbors

  • The kNN algorithm
  • Distance calculation
  • Selecting an appropriate k value
  • Data preparation for kNN
  • The lazy nature of the kNN algorithm

9. Classification Rules

  • The separate and conquer strategy
  • The One Rule algorithm
  • The RIPPER algorithm
  • Deriving rules from decision trees

10. Regression

  • Simple linear regression
  • Ordinary least squares estimation
  • Correlation analysis
  • Multiple linear regression

11. Regression Trees and Model Trees

  • Incorporating regression into tree structures

12. Association Rules

  • The Apriori algorithm for association rule mining
  • Measuring rule significance via support and confidence
  • Generating rule sets using the Apriori principle

Additional Topics

  • Spark/PySpark/MLlib and Multi-armed bandits

Requirements

Proficiency in Python

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